SNAP output for PDB entry 6ny1 [SNAP web server]

PDB-id

6ny1; SNAP-derived features in text and JSON formats; DNAproDB

Class

RNA binding protein-RNA-DNA

Method

cryo-EM (4.2 Å)

Summary

Casx-grna-DNA(30bp) state ii

Reference

Liu JJ, Orlova N, Oakes BL, Ma E, Spinner HB, Baney KLM, Chuck J, Tan D, Knott GJ, Harrington LB, Al-Shayeb B, Wagner A, Brotzmann J, Staahl BT, Taylor KL, Desmarais J, Nogales E, Doudna JA (2019): "CasX enzymes comprise a distinct family of RNA-guided genome editors." Nature, 566, 218-223. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0908-x.

Abstract

The RNA-guided CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins Cas9 and Cas12a provide adaptive immunity against invading nucleic acids, and function as powerful tools for genome editing in a wide range of organisms. Here we reveal the underlying mechanisms of a third, fundamentally distinct RNA-guided genome-editing platform named CRISPR-CasX, which uses unique structures for programmable double-stranded DNA binding and cleavage. Biochemical and in vivo data demonstrate that CasX is active for Escherichia coli and human genome modification. Eight cryo-electron microscopy structures of CasX in different states of assembly with its guide RNA and double-stranded DNA substrates reveal an extensive RNA scaffold and a domain required for DNA unwinding. These data demonstrate how CasX activity arose through convergent evolution to establish an enzyme family that is functionally separate from both Cas9 and Cas12a.