SNAP output for PDB entry 7b3d [SNAP web server]

PDB-id

7b3d; SNAP-derived features in text and JSON formats; DNAproDB

Class

viral protein

Method

cryo-EM (2.8 Å)

Summary

Structure of elongating sars-cov-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with amp at position -4 (structure 3)

Reference

Kokic G, Hillen HS, Tegunov D, Dienemann C, Seitz F, Schmitzova J, Farnung L, Siewert A, Hobartner C, Cramer P (2021): "Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase stalling by remdesivir." Nat Commun, 12, 279. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20542-0.

Abstract

Remdesivir is the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The active form of remdesivir acts as a nucleoside analog and inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir is incorporated by the RdRp into the growing RNA product and allows for addition of three more nucleotides before RNA synthesis stalls. Here we use synthetic RNA chemistry, biochemistry and cryo-electron microscopy to establish the molecular mechanism of remdesivir-induced RdRp stalling. We show that addition of the fourth nucleotide following remdesivir incorporation into the RNA product is impaired by a barrier to further RNA translocation. This translocation barrier causes retention of the RNA 3'-nucleotide in the substrate-binding site of the RdRp and interferes with entry of the next nucleoside triphosphate, thereby stalling RdRp. In the structure of the remdesivir-stalled state, the 3'-nucleotide of the RNA product is matched and located with the template base in the active center, and this may impair proofreading by the viral 3'-exonuclease. These mechanistic insights should facilitate the quest for improved antivirals that target coronavirus replication.