SNAP output for PDB entry 7eh1 [SNAP web server]

PDB-id

7eh1; SNAP-derived features in text and JSON formats; DNAproDB

Class

transcription-DNA-RNA

Method

X-ray (2.9 Å)

Summary

Thermus thermophilus transcription initiation complex containing a template-strand purine at position tss-2, gpg RNA primer, and cmpcpp

Reference

Skalenko KS, Li L, Zhang Y, Vvedenskaya IO, Winkelman JT, Cope AL, Taylor DM, Shah P, Ebright RH, Kinney JB, Zhang Y, Nickels BE (2021): "Promoter-sequence determinants and structural basis of primer-dependent transcription initiation in Escherichia coli ." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2106388118.

Abstract

Chemical modifications of RNA 5'-ends enable "epitranscriptomic" regulation, influencing multiple aspects of RNA fate. In transcription initiation, a large inventory of substrates compete with nucleoside triphosphates for use as initiating entities, providing an ab initio mechanism for altering the RNA 5'-end. In Escherichia coli cells, RNAs with a 5'-end hydroxyl are generated by use of dinucleotide RNAs as primers for transcription initiation, "primer-dependent initiation." Here, we use massively systematic transcript end readout (MASTER) to detect and quantify RNA 5'-ends generated by primer-dependent initiation for ∼4₁₀ (∼1,000,000) promoter sequences in E. coli The results show primer-dependent initiation in E. coli involves any of the 16 possible dinucleotide primers and depends on promoter sequences in, upstream, and downstream of the primer binding site. The results yield a consensus sequence for primer-dependent initiation, Y_TSS-2N_TSS-1N_TSSW_TSS+1, where TSS is the transcription start site, N_TSS-1N_TSS is the primer binding site, Y is pyrimidine, and W is A or T. Biochemical and structure-determination studies show that the base pair (nontemplate-strand base:template-strand base) immediately upstream of the primer binding site (Y:R_TSS-2, where R is purine) exerts its effect through the base on the DNA template strand (R_TSS-2) through interchain base stacking with the RNA primer. Results from analysis of a large set of natural, chromosomally encoded E coli promoters support the conclusions from MASTER. Our findings provide a mechanistic and structural description of how TSS-region sequence hard-codes not only the TSS position but also the potential for epitranscriptomic regulation through primer-dependent transcription initiation.